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HMS ''Apollo'', the fifth ship of the Royal Navy to be named for the Greek god Apollo, was a fifth-rate frigate of the ''Lively'' class, carrying 38 guns, launched in 1805 and broken up in 1856.〔Winfield (2008), p.171.〕 ==Napoleonic Wars== ''Apollo'' was commissioned in July 1805 under Captain Edward Fellowes, who sailed her for the Mediterranean on 26 January 1806.〔Winfield (2008), p.171.〕 In 1806 she operated off southern Italy. On 5 June boats from ''Apollo'' brought out a French brig near Agie Finucana, in the Gulf of Taranto, where she had run aground. The brig was transporting six 24-pounder guns, together with their carriages. The cutting out party had to work through the night under small-arms fire from the shore, as well as fire from a field piece. Still, they managed to retrieve the vessel while suffering only one man wounded. The guns were intended for a new battery opposite the lighthouse. On 6 July Captain Fellowes was at the Battle of Maida, having been ordered to join the troops by Rear-Admiral Sir Sidney Smith to act as liaison with the Navy should the Army have had to retire. General James Stuart remarked in his account of the battle that Fellowes had been helpful in every way. In October ''Apollo'' came under the command of Captain Alexander Schomberg.〔 In 1807 she took part in the Alexandria expedition of 1807 in the squadron under the command of Admiral Benjamin Hallowell. However, she and the 19 transports (out of 33) that she was escorting got separated from the rest of the expedition and arrived at Abu Qir Bay too late to participate meaningfully. Seven-and-a-half years later, in October 1814, ''Apollo'', Tigre and would share in prize money for the capture of the Turkish frigates ''Houri Bahar'' and ''Houri Nasaret'', and the corvette ''Feragh Nouma'' as well as the stores captured on 20 March. In 1808, Captain Bridges Taylor took command of ''Apollo''. Under Taylor, she raided French convoys in the western Mediterranean. On 3 June 1808, Rear Admiral Thornbrough sent Sir Francis Laforey in ''Apollo'' to negotiate with the Supreme Junta of the Balearic Isles. the citizens of Mallorca had declared their allegiance to Ferdinand II and wished to begin talks with the British.〔Marshall (1827) Supplement, Part 1, pp.86-93.〕 At the end of the year ''Apollo'' returned to Britain. Between 30 and 31 October 1809 boats from ''Apollo'' participated in the attack by Hallowell's squadron on vessels of a French convoy that had taken refuge in the Bay of Rosas where they hoped that an armed storeship of 18 guns, two bombards and a xebec would provide them protection. On 30 October ''Tigre'', ''Cumberland'', ''Volontaire'', ''Apollo'', ''Topaz'', ''Philomel'', ''Tuscan'' and sent in their boats. By the following morning the British had accounted for all eleven vessels in the bay, burning those they did not bring out. However, British losses were considerable, numbering 15 killed and 44 wounded overall, with ''Apollo'' alone suffering three dead and five wounded. The French vessels captured were the warships ''Grondire'' and ''Normande'', and the transports ''Dragon'' and ''Indien''. The boats also destroyed the ''Lemproye'' and ''Victoire''. A court declared a joint captor. In 1811 ''Apollo'' returned to the Mediterranean, fighting a large number of small-scale actions and raiding various French-held islands. On 13 February 1812, ''Apollo'' took the French frigate ''Merinos'' while operating off Cap Corse. ''Merinos'' was a relatively new frigate-built storeship of 850 tons, pierced for 36 guns but carrying only 20 eight-pounders. She had a crew of 126 men under the command of ''Captain de fregate'' Honoré Coardonan, holder of the Legion d'Honour. She was on her way to Sagone for timber. The French lost six killed and 20 wounded; the British, despite also coming under fire from the shore, suffered no casualties. A French corvette, the ''Mohawk'', accompanying ''Merinos'', did not come to her aid and escaped. According to Taylor ''Mohawk'' had a crew of 130 men and some conscripts, and was a British ship by the same name that had been captured in 1799. On 24 April ''Apollo'', and landed Lieutenant-colonel George Duncan Robertson, his staff and a garrison at Port St. George on Lissa.〔Pocock (1977), p.184.〕 The British had defeated a French naval force on 13 March at the Battle of Lissa and wanted to establish a base there with Robertson as its first Governor. On 17 September ''Apollo'' captured the 6-gun privateer xebec ''Ulysse''. She had a crew of 56 men under the command of Monsieur Oletta, commander of a division of gun-boats at Corfu. On 21 December ''Apollo'' was in company with the brig-sloop when the two vessels chased a trabaccolo under the protection of the tower of San Cataldo, the strongest such on the coast between Brindisi and Otranto.〔 The tower was armed with three guns and three swivel guns. A landing party from the two vessels captured the tower and blew it up. Between 18 January and 3 February 1813, ''Apollo'', together with the privateer ''Esperanza'' and four gunboats, and some 300 troops under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel G. D. Robertson, captured Augusta and Carzola Islands. At Augusta, a party of seamen from ''Apollo'' spiked the guns of one battery. On 1 February Taylor sailed ''Apollo'', the brig-sloop , under the command of Lieutenant Charles Taylor, and Gunboat ''No. 43'', under the command of Mr. Antonio Pardo, to Carzola. There Captain Taylor commanded a landing party that silenced several sea batteries. When the town capitulated the British captured a privateer that had "molested the trade of the Adriatic", and two of her prizes. That day the British also captured seven vessels in the Channel, sailing to Ragusa and Cattaro, principally with grain, which was in short supply there. The action at Carzola cost ''Apollo'' two men dead, one of whom drowned, and one man wounded. On 19 March, boats from ''Apollo'' and destroyed several vessels, a battery and a tower three miles northwest of the port of Monopoli near Bari.〔 Then on 11 April, ''Apollo'' and ''Cerberus'' took Devil's Island, near the north entrance to Corfu, and thereby captured a brig and a trabaccolo bringing in grain.〔 On 14 April the boats chased a vessel into Merlera. They then suffered three men wounded before ''Apollo'' arrived and captured the island. The British found eight vessels with flour and grain that the enemy had scuttled.〔 Ten days later, ''Apollo''s boats chased a felucca into St Cataldo that had troops aboard. A landing party of marines killed one Frenchman, wounded another, and captured 26. (The rest of the troops and the crew of the felucca fled.) ''Apollo''s boats brought out the felucca. On 17 May boats from ''Apollo'' and ''Cerberus'' took a vessel that ran aground near Brindisi. She was armed with a 9-pounder gun in the bow and a swivel gun. She was sailing from Otranto to Ancona.〔 The next day the boats also brought off a gun from a Martello tower a little further to the south.〔 Then ten days later the boats captured three gunboats at Fano that were protecting a convoy. The gun-boats each mounted a 9-pounder in their bows and two 4-pounders abaft. They were under the command of an Ufficiale di Vascello, carrying troops for Corfu. The British also captured four vessels from the convoy. British losses amounted to two men killed and one wounded. On 15 June Taylor positioned ''Apollo''s boats to intercept four vessels heading into Corfu. They drove one ashore, but then had to turn their attention to a French gunboat that appeared, which they captured. She mounted both a 12 and a 6-pounder gun. In the engagement the French suffered nine men wounded, was the commander and a captain of engineers, Monsieur Baudrand. The gunboat also carried the colonel and chief of engineers of Corfu, (reportedly men of great ability), who were returning after having been to Parga and Pado to improve the fortifications there. was in company and took the captured gunboat to St. Maura while ''Apollo'' landed the wounded at Corfu. This caused a delay during which ''Apollo''s boats remained near Morto, in Albania. At daylight the following morning six gun-boats, a felucca, and smaller row-boat, all full of troops attacked the boats. Lieutenant W. H. Nares, who had been in charge of the boats in all the above actions, ran them ashore near Parga. From the shore he and his men used their small arms to repel four attacks, during which ''Apollo''s boats were destroyed. However, the British lost only one man, who was taken prisoner. On 6 February 1814, ''Apollo'' and ''Havannah'' were at anchor outside Brindisi while the French frigate ''Uranie'' was inside the port, on fire. ''Cerberus'' had chased her into the port some weeks earlier while awaiting the action of the officials of the port, which belonged to the Kingdom of Naples, to the presence of the French vessel. When ''Apollo'' appeared on the scene and made signs of being about to enter the port, ''Uranie''s captain removed the powder from his ship and set her on fire. On 13 February 1814, the island of Paxos, in the Adriatic, surrendered to ''Apollo'' and a detachment of 160 troops. The troops moved so rapidly through the island that the enemy did not have time to organize resistance. As a result, the British force, which included ''inter alia'' men from the 2nd Greek Light Infantry from Cephalonia, from the Royal Corsican Rangers, the 35th Regiment of Foot, and marines and seamen from the ''Apollo'', captured 122 enemy troops as well as a small, well-designed fort of three guns. Captain Taylor drowned in early 1814, when his gig capsized as he was returning to ''Apollo'' from a reconnaissance at Brindisi. On 24 April ''Apollo'' was among the vessels at the capture of the fortress and town of Savona. After Taylor's death, ''Apollo'' had several commanders in short order. E.L. Graham took command in June, and was followed by A.B. Valpy (acting), in August. Then W. Hamilton followed him.〔 〕 ''Apollo'' then returned to England where she was placed in ordinary at Portsmouth the following year.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Apollo (1805)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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